SQL Operators

In SQL (Structured Query Language), operators are used to perform various operations on data within a database. These operators can be categorized into different types based on their functionality. Here are some commonly used SQL operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators:
   • Addition (+)
   • Subtraction (-)
   • Multiplication (*)
   • Division (/)
   • Modulo (%)
2. Comparison Operators:
   • Equal to (=)
   • Not equal to (!= or <>)
   • Greater than (>)
   • Less than (<)
   • Greater than or equal to (>=)
   • Less than or equal to (<=)
3. Logical Operators:
   • AND: Returns true if both conditions are true.
   • OR: Returns true if at least one condition is true.
   • NOT: Negates a condition, returns true if the condition is false.
4. String Operators:
   • Concatenation (+): Combines two or more strings.
   • LIKE: Pattern matching operator used with wildcard characters (% and _).
   • IN: Checks if a value exists in a list of values.
5. NULL-related Operators:
   • IS NULL: Checks if a value is null.
   • IS NOT NULL: Checks if a value is not null.
6. Set Operators:
   • UNION: Combines the result sets of two or more SELECT statements.
   • UNION ALL: Combines the result sets of two or more SELECT statements, including duplicates.
   • INTERSECT: Returns the common rows between two result sets.
   • EXCEPT or MINUS: Returns the rows that exist in the first result set but not in the second.

These are some of the fundamental SQL operators. It’s worth noting that different database systems may have additional or specific operators that are not included in this list.